Alfred Evert
Usage of Suction and Pressure
Diverse Articles to Suction-Effect
At previous chapter Suction and / or Pressure I described my theory of lift by example of wing. At diverse articles of diverse media I also described this effect, for example:
at Why Sails do not pull - I talked (a little bit boorish) about effect at sails,
at Think-Blockade - blown off by Wind I mentioned (a little bit aggressive) īsurplus-benefitī by example of surf-board,
at Effects of Suction are listed diverse section of my Fluid-Technology.
At diverse other chapters I described possibilities for producing suction areas like effects of suction, with concern to each details there.
Possibility of organizing īmore windī, so producing concentrated and ordered flux by suction, is demonstrated by example of Small Wind-Engine (picture right side) at its best. This machine is to install only by small size, when used as wind-power-station, cause strong winds would pull too hard. This machine however is very effective as water-engine, hanged into small rivers, where fish-shape concentrates flow very good (thus no dams are necessary). This machine could also be installed within flows of sea or tides (also by rather large size)..
Suction and Pressure / Fluid and Body
Schauberger told, at nature-conform movements, suction should always dominate pressure. Thatīs not quite correct, but design and processes are to organize different kind, depending on aim of each application.
There must be differed mutual affects between fluid and bodies, same time between suction and pressure. At the following, these eight different relations are listed (analogue to chapter Short Description of Machine-Inventions):
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Body affects Pressure onto ... |
Fluid affects Pressure onto ... |
Body affects Pressure onto Body
Thatīs subject of classic mechanics. Laws and formulas however are not to transfer one-by-one onto movements of fluids, cause fluids are īelasticī resp. can move aside. So fluid-movements must be looked at details, otherwise formulas will result only approximately correct values. |
Fluid affects Pressure onto Body
Kinetic energy of fluid is to transfer completely onto body, only if thin jet of fluid is redirected at most large pressure surface of solid (movable) body. Redirection of fluid by suction is to avoid at this process. |
Body affects Pressure onto Fluid
Production of pressure within fluid by moving solid bodies is performed at its best by piston engines. Also flow-machines can produce pressure, e.g. by diverse rotating pumps. Better solution however is to produce ordered flow and high speed (only to achieve by suction). Power and direction of pressure by solid bodies must correspond to kind of movement of fluid, otherwise will result well known, very large energy losses (e.g. at common transport of fluids through pipes). |
Fluid affects Pressure onto Fluid
Pressure spreading occurs immediately, by common processes inevitably combined with turbulent flows. Directed movements and acceleration is only to achieve, if fluid is guided tangentially into a vortex resp. twisting flow. This measure especially is to pay attention at mixing up of fluids, otherwise come up well known and large losses. |
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Body affects Suction onto ... |
Fluid affects Suction onto ... |
Body affects Suction onto Body
This effect is only to achieve with thin layer of fluid in order to produce adhesion. At flow-machines this relation is not relevant. |
Fluid affects Suction onto Body
A solid body can not īflowī into an area of less pressure. There is no suction-effect onto solid bodies. Wing of airplane e.g. doesnīt produce lift by īsuctionī, but only by pressure-difference. At flow-machines is to pay attention, energy of fluid is transferred by pressure onto body and suction is avoided. |
Body affects Suction onto Fluid
Itīs important advantage, fluid falls into area of low density by molecular movementīs speed. However, there may not come up turbulent flows, i.e. only continuous flows by suction of solid bodies is effective. If solid body produces area of relative low pressure too fast, well known problem of cavitation comes up. Especially advantageous is, fluid is accelerated by suction alongside bended surfaces of solid bodies. |
Fluid affects Suction onto Fluid
This is most effective process to move fluid or parts of fluid resp. to accelerate flow. Fluid molecules flow (based on common molecular movements, corresponding to actual heat) into direction of low pressure relative large distances without negative collisions (e.g. see production of lift). Each faster flux affects like suction onto neighbouring slower flux, resulting well known bending of flows towards faster movement.
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Indeed, these statements are well known matter-of-factness - however hard to understand, why these points of view are not strictly paid attention at common installations, not at all. At my Fluid-Technology I did design some fifty constructions, where these requirements consequently are realized.
Pipe-Inventions
At this section of Fluid-Technology is discussed, how fluids are to transport through fix and stable bodies. At previous example of lift, behind wing (or sail) inevitably come up turbulent flows. Within pipes however, flow can be organized in optimal shape, continuously.
Viktor Schauberger pointed out, flow within pipes has to be twisted and he designed rather complex, egg-shaped cross-sections. However, also simple six-edged pipes with rounded, twisted edges keep main-flow off walls, so less friction loss results. Especially within bows, flow must be twisted, otherwise will come up enormous resistances by turbulent flows.
I canīt really understand, why not in general are used twisted pipes, e.g. constructed by modern compound-materials. I know only one company, using twisted pipes for heat-exchangers, thus achieving throughput with less pressure-losses and much better transfer of heat. Above this, twisted pipes show much less sediments.
At article Potentialdrallströmung im Blutkreislauf (Potential-Twist-Flow at Blood-Circulation, sorry, only in German language) is pointed out, blood within veins by the way is transported by suction effects.
At chapter Pipe-Inventions briefly are described diverse constructs. By menu Figures are shown some sketches. Complete texts and drawings of Fluid-Technology however are available only by Download, however only in German.
Engine-Inventions
At this section of Fluid-Technology is discussed mutual affect of fluids and (partly) movable stable bodies. Mostly there are shown designs of pumps and turbines, itīs documented how optimum throughput especially at inlets and outlets should be organized.
For example itīs astonishing at common designs of turbines, fluid between vanes of rotors and stators practically is guides at zigzag-course. Opposite to this, I designed a jet-engine by diverse components (each also usable as separated machine), within which fluid is move all times into likely direction and twisted within itself several times. Might be, for some specialists theses points of view might be interesting.
Short description of these designs is available by chapter Engine-Inventions, by some Figures and as Download (like upside).
Vehicle-Inventions
At this section is discussed movement of solid bodies within fluid, i.e. there are shown designs of airplanes and ships. Most essential point of view is, to guide fluid around body by optimum shape.
For example itīs rather astonishing, engines at many airplanes are mounted downside of wings - while lift demands resting air at downside surface and most fast moving air at upper surface of wings. Opposite to this, I designed ījet-wingsī or whole hull as wing, with important reduced air-resistance.
Common ships show large resistance within water. If however demanded transport of water masses (from frontside to backside of ship) is combined with draft, essential advantages result. Also common props offer diverse possibilities for better solutions.
Short description of these designs are available by chapter Vehicle-Inventions and at Figures and also as Download (like upside).
Appendix
These some fifty constructions of my Fluid-Technology were applicated as patents in 1998, however I sold rights (and didnīt pursue that stuff). I offered books with these contents (however no more available), now published only by download. At Table of Content are listed all chapters of these papers.
Some years later, based on diverse hints and insights, I published appendix to subject of Fluid-Technology with rather new aspects. At following chapter Usage of Effects of Pulsation for example are discussed some most interesting designs.
Evert / 13.01.2004