Viktor Schauberger (1885 - 1958) branded common techniques as destroying nature like mankind, cause these techniques in principle would ´move wrong kind´. Up to now, most parts of energy are produced by burning coal and oil, gas and other fuel, by ´explosive´ processes up to violent nuclear fission. Movements (turning movement for electricity generators like for drive) in principle are produced by pressure.
By Schauberger´s view, these processes are contrary to nature, for example effecting resistances growing by square. He pointed out by many examples, in-rolling turning movements would be conform to nature and he achieved most impressive results, e.g. by his flow-control-systems and diverse other applications.
His claim was to change ´Explosion-Technology´ into ´Implosion-Technology´ in general. By this new technology, power of suction must dominate pressure. By application of suction, resistances would become steady weaker resp. could disappear totally - so Schauberger told.
Indeed, most effective machines exist, based at Schauberger´s principles, e.g. agricultural tools or units for ´water-refining´. However no really running model is known, like his ´Repulsines´, his ´Home-Energy-Stations´ or even his flying saucers.
Schauberger war a ´fighter´ and correspondingly was combated by establishment, especially cause his claims were documented by language and expressions most hard to understand. Up to now by actual understanding of science, it´s still absolutely hard to communicate or explain his far reaching claims - up to qualitative changing of elements (details e.g. by External Links: PKS).
Without Resistance
It´s well known experience, pressure affects counter-pressure and increasing resistance. If e.g. a car starts, speed is accelerated, car is ´pressed´ through air, demanded force for overcoming air-resistance increases by square of speed. Analogue fact is valid for all technologies based on ´Explosion´ resp. by application of pressures, e.g. also by pushing fluids through pipes etc.
We practically have no experience with ´implosion´, most known example is implosion of television tube. Process there is reverse to previous, cause surrounding air immediately falls into previous ´vacuum´ by maximum speed. Finally movements become slower as this relative empty area is filled up.
Speeds of technical applications normally are relative slow, e.g. previous car moves by 120 km/h resp. some 33 m/s. Speed of sound is ten times faster with some 330 m/s. Molecules of air again move faster by 1.4 (cause sound practically comes ahead zigzag), thus by some 450 m/s. Air falls into area of low density (like into previous imploding tube) by this enormous speed - of totally normal molecular movement, at the beginning with practically null resistance.
Producing Emptiness
This movement is kinetic energy. This energy however only comes free, if first is produced area of ´emptiness´. In general at all technical applications, laws of constance of energies is valid, e.g. by lift / fall of stable bodies. So normally, force is demanded for producing any potential, exactly corresponding to force earned by usage of this potential (naturally minus losses of heat or friction etc.).
So also production of relative emptiness demands energy, at previous example of television tube that´s energy for pumping off air from tube. By tube´s crash, corresponding energy comes free. So at this case, energy constance is given.
Low pressures are produced by pumps of different kind, here e.g. schematically is shown a pump with sliding sheets. A rotor (red) is turning (clock-wise) within an eccentric housing (black). Between both are installed radial movable slides (green), so chambers with increasing (left) and decreasing (right) volumes are build. Air from area of low pressure (UD, German Unterdruck) is moved outwards into area of normal pressure (ND, German normaler Druck). For example like this, relative low density of air could have been produced within previous television tube (installed left side).
Double Potential
Now last year, college Dipl.Ing. Ullrich Strunk, CVI, occasionally studied data of vacuum pumps of diverse design and of diverse companies, made up calculations and did approve by different practical experiments. Data-sheets show exactly throughput by each wanted difference of pressures, corresponding demanded electric energy, also difference of temperatures at inlet and outlet.
Astonishing result: consumption of energy corresponds most exact to produced heat-potential (throughput of volumes multiplied by differences of temperatures) - and as ´side-effect´ results wanted pressure-potential - without any costs. Everyone can read and calculate and check these data and relations and results. Nevertheless, pump-producers avoid to speak about this ´gift´ - cause no longer they would appear serious to serious customers.
Potential as a Present
Machines like these show that process: slides must not draw air out of low-pressure (UD) area (even never ever could do this), machine only offers increasing volumes of chambers (at picture left side). Into these areas, air falls by its normal molecular speed, if occasionally hit into that direction by its last collision. So wandering movement of air demands no energy (besides friction of mechanical parts).
Molecules then collide also at walls of chamber and by hitting onto slides are pushed into direction of outlet. This process of moving air demands energy and results intensified movements at outlet into normal pressure area (ND), clearly measurable as higher heat.
It would demand even more energy, to press this air into a basin of high pressure (so producing ´over-pressure-potential´). If however previous outlet e.g. is shaped that kind, around nozzle-mouth comes up ring-vortex (like here marked by dotted arrows), then air-jet is protected versus normal, static pressure, thus no corresponding counter-pressure exists.
So ´low-pressure-potential´ is produced without corresponding input of energy. Machine only allows given molecular movements, instead moving chaotically into any direction, now to move into preferred direction for short times. So potential is produced only by fact, vectors of existing movement´s potential are ordered for short time. There is no steady energy-consumption demanded, but are demanded only organisational efforts (once by design and construction of machine, steady only for compensation of mechanical friction within this process).
College Strunk uses these findings for diverse projects, however offers that knowledge here to anyone for free. This ´present´ of second potential, in principle is to use at any application, where heat and low-pressure same time are demanded or usable.
Two Potentials as Presents
An other permanent present, force of gravity, is well known. However commonly it´s assumed not to be usable, cause energy constance is valid, e.g. at lifting and lowering of bodies. Nevertheless, gravity is used steady - e.g. by airplanes. Cause this is controversial to - wrong interpreted - laws of energy constance, partly ´incredible´ theories of lift were ´explored´ (so never ask a pilot why his flyer flies resp. onto which of ten theories he believes).
At this animation, a wing moves through air. At starting position, vertical blue line marks molecules, which are vertically neighbouring within resting air. These molecules will not rest at their locations, but upside and downside of wing will move different kind within space. Each following curve of following pictures represents movements schematically in time. Previous vertical neighbours later will come into different positions relative to each other. At following drawing, three of these ´moving pictures´ are shown standing still.
Only when wing starts moving ahead within resting air, at its nose is build up a ´bow-wave´. Same time however, upside-back comes up an area of relative emptiness. Into this area of low pressure, molecules of air fall like described before. It´s common understanding, pressure within fluids affect into all directions immediately. Same fact is valid also for suction, however not conscious remembered all times.
As wing steady moves ahead within space, suction area at ´slope´ of upper side of wing also wanders steady ahead within space. So this suction-effect reaches further ahead on and on, while filled up areas wander backward off.
As here is marked schematically, air is ´sucked in´ already far before wing, partly also from ahead-below wing into direction upward above its nose. Upside of wing, air falls by its normal molecular speed into each ´becoming-free´ areas. This previous vertical line of neighbouring molecules, above wing now changes to curve showing backward.
These molecules falling backward-down, now are absent as collision-partners at front side. So if a molecule, based at its normal collisions, occasionally is pushed backward, it will fly with that speed relative far backward until colliding next time. So these molecules upside and also ahead of wing build an ordered flux, flying rather near together, moving rather parallel, alongside wing´s upper surface.
That movement backward-down will go on, also wing has passed this position. There this air comes into ´filled-up´ areas, i.e. previous ordered flux will disperse into vortices, wandering downwards and upwards, building well known ´vortice-roads´ (which e.g. must calm down before next airplane can start resp. these unsteady vortices must wander backward off, before next wing of wind-energy-station turns into that location).
Air positioned below wing, at first is ´pulled´ some backward-up. Afterwards, these parts stick onto wing´s downside surface and are draged some ahead. At end of wing, these parts of air are draged by and twisted into vortices from upside flux. So at the very end, previous neighbouring molecules no longer are neighbours, but in principle air from upside-ahead is mixed up with air downside-further-back.
Like at previous example of vacuum-pump, at wing´s upper surface is build space of relative emptiness, again with practically no resistance. Like mentioned above, before nose of wing won´t exist a ´bow-wave´, which must be pushed aside on and on. However suction effect backside-up affects far ahead and ´sucks in´ air in front of nose, up and back over nose. So just in front of nose won´t exist ´thick´ air which could affect resistance.
Second ´present´ now is, fast moving flow does show increased (dynamic) pressure into direction of movement, correspondingly decreased (static) pressure sideward (see Bernoulli etc.). It´s common understanding, nearby resting air below wing affects normal static, atmospheric pressure onto downside surface of wing, in direction upwards. Air upside of wing flowing fast alongside surface affects less pressure into downward direction. This potential of pressure-difference is force of lift.
Theory of Lift
So flyer flies cause at wing upside-back steadily is build area of suction, into which molecules fall by molecular speed. These molecules are absent at their place of origin, can´t serve there as collision partners. So into that ´hole´ also other molecules are pushed occasionally and also ´disappear´ there. Upside-back at wing is build up an area of less density, cause solid body of wing steadily wanders ahead. Upside-ahead and in front of nose, also relative emptiness steadily is build, cause effect of suction ´reaches out and ahead´ all times.
This process demands certain basic speed of wing relative to air, so sufficient ´emptiness´ comes up and is not immediately filled up by only vertical moving molecules. Air also must not flow into suction area from backward, like e.g. at wings showing too large angles upward. Only by suitable speed, ´laminar´ flow alongside profile exists, so suction at upside surface can reach far ahead. Only by these circumstances, remarkable small resistance (cw-value) of ´flow-adequate´ bodies exists.
On the other hand, speed of wing may not so fast, suction areas no longer are filled up by molecular speed. That´s why lift-forces break down in total by speeds above sound speed.
Lift results of differences of static pressures between upper and downward surfaces. Static pressure is expression of weight of air, thus lastly of gravity forces. Upper surface is ´protected´ versus effect of gravity, by laminar flow, initiated by suction.
So flyers fly based on skilful organisation of flows and resulting pressures, at the one hand based on normal molecular movements, on the other hand based on gravity (both available for free). That´s my theory of lift, based on real movement´s processes and logical arguments (while most other theories only quote formulas and ´empty words´).
Constance of Energies
Laws of constance of energies are not touched by previous processes and production of benefits (heat and low pressure or forces of lift). It only gets obvious, frame of these ´laws´ by common understanding are defined much too narrow.
At example above with that vacuum pump is produced heat by corresponding input of energy. Same time as a side-product is produced low pressure, without costs. This benefit of second potential is achieved only by ´tricky set of trap´ for normal molecular movements: increasing volumes are offered into which medium spreads, part of volume is separated and emptied, mechanical process is repeated. Out of chaotic movements of all molecules, just these molecules are separated which occasionally got pushed into ´trap´.
This setting-up-trap has nothing to do with energy input, but only is skilful organisational measurement. Balance of energies immediately is equalized, if air of normal pressure falls back into area of low pressure. Nevertheless, this balancing movement can be used for any benefit wanted.
At example of wing, heat is not involved. Molecules of air move by same speed in front of wing like backside of wing. The only that´s organized: at space upside-back of wing is build up steady area of relative less density, where normal molecular movement for short time is offered to build relative well structured flux, so molecules can fly relative far until next collision, relative near together, into relative parallel directions.
So again it´s only question of organisation of vector direction of normally chaotic molecular movement. When vortices behind wing has calmed down, chaos again is established. Sum of all kinetic energies is equal, before like after this process, without any question. Molecules move by same speed, before like after this process, thus also heat is constant.
Again there comes up only as side-product: these molecules hit relative rarely onto wing´s upper surface, thus affecting relative less static pressure. Opposite, at downside surface of wing affects normal atmospheric pressure and potential of differences result lift. Gravity is not touched. Before like afterward, air weights same amount, and all masses of air in sum result atmospheric pressure. Only by pure organisational measure, locally and only for short moments (steady only by addition) balance of pressures is disturbed - and wanted benefit is achieved.
Central Thread
These examples should point out ´central tread´, alongside which I searched for possibilities of Free Energy. It´s not question of refuting energy-constance or any other physical law. The only objective is, to organize processes (by skilful design or useful movements) in order to earn some benefit for certain aim by most less demand of energy.
Mostly there are side-effects, which by itself only work as trigger for lastly useful effect. Searching for this understanding of ´Perpetuum Mobile´ must be allowed and as previous examples show, additional benefits are to achieve without problems. It´s merely not to understand for me, how vehement practically all scientists (at least of official institutes) like all ´normal´ citizen ´defend´ energy-constance-law - instead searching for un-common ways for best usage of given forces.
At next chapter Usage of Suction and Pressure some adequate applications are discussed.
Evert / 10.01.2004
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